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Q: What Pixhawk hardware versions use the STM32F405RGT6?
A: The STM32F405RGT6 is the MCU on Pixhawk 1 (PX4FMUv2, LQFP-64), Pixhawk 2.4.5 through 2.4.8, and the original 3DR Pixhawk. The 2.4.x series uses the LQFP-100 or LQFP-144 package variants (VGT6/ZGT6) for additional GPIO. All of these are F405 silicon. The move to F427/H743 on Pixhawk 2.1 (Cube) and Pi
Q: Can the STM32F405 run ArduPilot 4.5+ with EKF3?
A: Yes. The STM32F405 with 1 MB Flash and 192 KB SRAM fully supports ArduPilot 4.5+ running EKF3 (the default state estimator since Copter 4.1). The hardware FPU handles the 24-state EKF covariance propagation in single-precision float at full sensor rate. Memory usage for a typical Copter build with E
Q: What is the CCM RAM and why does it matter for drones?
A: The 64 KB Core-Coupled Memory (CCM) is a block of zero-wait-state SRAM tightly coupled to the Cortex-M4F core, separate from the main 128 KB system SRAM. In PX4 and ArduPilot, the real-time flight control loop (sensor read → EKF update → PID compute → mixer → PWM output) is placed in CCM to guarante
The STM32F405RGT6 is the original MCU at the heart of Pixhawk 1 (PX4FMUv2) and Pixhawk 2.4.x (PX4FMUv2) — the reference hardware platforms that defined the PX4 and ArduPilot open-source drone autopilot ecosystems. Its Cortex-M4F core with hardware floating-point unit enables fast single-precision math for PID control loops, Extended Kalman Filters (EKF2/EKF3 in ArduPilot), and attitude estimation at update rates exceeding 8 kHz. The 168 MHz clock, ART Accelerator (zero-wait-state Flash execution), and 192 KB SRAM provide ample headroom for full-stack autopilot firmware with GPS waypoint navigation, telemetry streaming, and onboard logging. STM32F405 — the chip powering Pixhawk 1 and Pixhawk 2.4.x , the most widely deployed open-source drone autopilot hardware in the world.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | STMicroelectronics |
| Part Number | STM32F405RGT6 |
| Core | ARM Cortex-M4F |
| Max Clock | 168 MHz |
| Flash | 1 MB |
| SRAM | 192 KB (128 KB + 64 KB CCM) |
| Package | LQFP-64 (10×10 mm, 0.5 mm pitch) |
| Supply Voltage | 1.8V – 3.6V |
| Operating Temperature | −40°C to +85°C |
| GPIO | 51 |
| ADC | 3× 12-bit (16 channels) |
| DAC | 2× 12-bit |
| Timers | 12× 16-bit, 2× 32-bit, 2× watchdog, 1× SysTick |
| Communication | 4× USART, 2× UART, 3× SPI (37.5 Mbit/s), 3× I²C, 2× CAN 2.0B, 1× USB 2.0 OTG FS, 1× SDIO |
| DMA | 2× 8-channel (16 streams) |
| Debug | SWD + JTAG |
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